Volume-4 Issue-2, November 2024 – Indian Journal of Agriculture Engineering (IJAE)

A1502051121

IJAE JOURNAL — Fri, 24 Jan 2025 11:18:09 +0000

The Indian Journal of Agriculture Engineering (IJAE) has ISSN 2582-9319, an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical half-yearly international journal, which is published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP) in May and November. The journal aims to publish high-quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Agriculture Engineering that covers Soil Engineering, Water Engineering, Farming, Farm Machinery, Ergonomics, Farm Structures Renewable Energy, Postharvest Technology, Food Process Engineering, Agricultural Biotechnology, Agriculture Engineering and Agriculture Technology. #Soil Engineering #Water Engineering #Farming #Farm Machinery #Ergonomics #Farm Structures #Renewable Energy #Postharvest Technology #Food Process Engineering #Agricultural Biotechnology #Agriculture Engineering #Agriculture Technology #PhD ademic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons #PhD #Academic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons

Using Biodegradability of Sewage in Ordinary Pit Latrines to Assess their Agricultural Potentials
F.I. Ugwu¹, J.C. Agunwamba²

">¹F.I. Ugwu, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

²J.C. Agunwamba, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

Abstract: This research investigated the use of biodegradability of sewage in ordinary pit latrines to assess the performance of such sewage for agricultural purposes. The objective of this paper therefore was to study the biodegradability of faeces in selected pit latrines that would lead to the assessment of the performance of such pits. Both aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of pit sludges were thus measured. Samples of fresh faecal sludges collected from pit latrines in selected households in Aku community were subjected to laboratory analyses for their physico-chemical and biological characteristics. The results showed that in terms of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), twelve (12) pits had biodegradability of 80% and above. In the case of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids (SS), nine (9) pits had biodegradability of 80% and above. For the volatile solids (VS), eleven (11) pits had biodegradability of 80% and above. Ten (10) pits had ratio of volatile solids to total solids (VS: TS) ranging from 0.90 – 2.93. Using COD: BOD ratio, eleven (11) pits had values ranging from 0.90 – 1.34 indicating that the pits sludges were readily biodegradable and good for agricultural purposes. Lower values showed lower organic contents and lower biodegradability and therefore unsuitable for agricultural purposes. High COD: BOD, VS:TS ratios should therefore be used to assess the performance of pit latrine sludges for higher agricultural productivity considering good user-behaviour, favourable soil and environmental conditions. Excreta collected from such pits should be used to enhance soil fertility.

Keywords: Aerobic and Anaerobic Biodegradability; Best Design Criteria; Pit Sludges; User-Behaviour; Favourable Conditions; Physico-Chemical and Biological Characteristics; Microbial Density; Agricultural Productivity.
Scope of the Article: Agricultural Biotechnology

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E41360612523

IJAE JOURNAL — Mon, 25 Nov 2024 06:54:16 +0000

Effects of Rice Husk Ash Addition on the Refractory Properties of Owo Clay
T.M. Onyia¹, N. E. Idenyi²

">¹Tobias Makuochukwu Onyia, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani (Nigeria), West Africa.

²Dr. Ndubuisi Edennaya Idenyi, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki (Nigeria), West Africa.

Abstract: This research investigates the effect of rice husk ash (RHA) addition on the refractory properties of Owo clay. The clay is blended with RHA in increments of 5% for each experimental run. The blended material undergoes exposure to temperatures ranging from normal crucible liner conditions to 1200° C, followed by characterization for shrinkage, porosity, density, water absorption, and modulus of rupture. Results indicate that total shrinkage increases with RHA content throughout the experimental phase but stability was observed at 10% RHA. Porosity decreases with increasing RHA content, with the 10% RHA blend showing the most consistent decrease. RHA enhances compressive strength, reaching a peak of 24 N/mm² for 5% RHA at 1200°C, and a minimum of 10 N/mm² for 5% RHA at 900°C. Bulk density increases with decreasing porosity as temperature rises. Overall, the 90%-10% Owo clay-RHA Clay blend demonstrates the most suitable properties for industrial applications.

Keywords: Chemical Composition, Owo Clay, Physical Properties, Refractoriness, Rice Husk Ash (RHA).
Scope of the Article: Agricultural Biotechnology

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B1843113223

IJAE JOURNAL — Mon, 25 Nov 2024 06:48:23 +0000

Sustainability of Rice Wheat Cropping System in India
Shubham Singh

">Shubham Singh, Master’s in Regulatory Policy and Governance Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai (M.H), India.

Abstract: India’s rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS), responsible for 40% of the nation’s food grain production, has been a successful contributor to food security. However, despite nearly half of India’s populationrelying directly or indirectly on agriculture, and agriculture itself contributing 18% to the country’s economy, challenges loom large. One pressing issue is the Russia-Ukraine conflict, disrupting grain and fertilizer supplies, causing fertilizer prices to surge, and adding to the burden of already debt-ridden farmers. This crisis highlights the vulnerability of an agricultural system heavily reliant on external factors. Moreover, the RWCS faces environmental threats. Depleting groundwater levels from over-irrigation and excessive chemical use pose long-term risks. The use of chemicals, in response to diminishing soil health, leads to the harmful effects of biomagnification and eutrophication, disrupting food webs and chains, and impacting both ecosystems and human health [5] [7]. A shift toward sustainable and diversified agriculture is imperative to secure the future. Investing in modern farming practices, promoting organic farming, and encouraging crop rotation can help reduce the system’s environmental toll. Additionally, improving access to credit and insurance for farmers canease their financial burdens and ensure their livelihoods. In the face of these challenges, India must consider long-term sustainability to safeguard its food security, environment, and the well-being of it sagricultural workforce.

Keywords: Green Revolution, Accelerated Eutrophication, Biomagnification, Food Web, Pollen and Pistil Interaction, Bio Amplification, Milankovitch Cycle.
Scope of the Article: Agricultural Biotechnology

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Volume-4 Issue-2, November 2024 – Indian Journal of Agriculture Engineering (IJAE)

A1502051121

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E41360612523

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B1843113223

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